History of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand an ancient Pauranic term for the central stretch of the Indian Himalayas especially the northern Himalaya. Its peaks and valleys were well known in ancient times as the abode of gods and goddesses and source of the Ganga River. Today, it is often called "the Land of the Gods" (Dev Bhoomi) because of the presence of a multitude of Hindu pilgrimage spots. The Pauravas, Kushanas, Kunindas, Guptas, Katyuris, Palas, the Chands, and Parmars or Panwars and the BritisH have ruled Uttarakhand in turns.
The region was originally settled by KOLS (a tribe) which were lately joined by KHAS (a tribe who were originally from Kashmir & Bhutan) by the Vedic period. It is believed that Sage Vyasa scripted the Mahabharata here as the Pandavas are believed to have traveled and camped in the region. The first major dynasties of Garhwal and Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century B.C. In the 4th Century Kunindas gave a way to NAGA dynasties. Between the 7th and 14th centuries the “Katyuri dynasties of KHAS origin dominated lands of varying extent from the Katyur valley in Kumaun (Vaijnath). Other peoples of the Tibeto-Burman group known as Kiratas are thought to have settled in the northern highlands as well as in pockets throughout the region, and believed to be the ancestors to the modern day Bhotiya, Raji, Buksha, and Tharu peoples.
By the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the Garhwal Kingdom in the west and the Kumaon Kingdom in the east. From the 13th-18th century, Kumaon prospered under the Chand Rajas and Garhwal was likewise unified under the rule of Parmar/Panwar Rajas. Later on Gurkha Empire of Nepal, overran Almora, the seat of the Kumaon Kingdom. In 1803, the Garhwal Kingdom also fell to the Gurkhas. With the conclusion of the Anglo-Nepalese War in 1816, a rump portion of the Garhwal Kingdom was reestablished from Tehri, and eastern British Garhwal and Kumaon ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli.
In 1994 Uttarakhand found a new political identity when demand for separate statehood (within the Union of India) achieved almost unanimous acceptance among the local populace as well as political parties at the national level. Most notable incident during this period was the Rampur Tiraha firing case on the night of 1 October 1994, which led to public uproar and eventually to the division of the state.
The present state of Uttarakhand was earlier a part of the United Province of Agra and Awadh. In January 1950, the United Province was renamed as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand was remained a part of Uttar Pradesh. It emerged as and individual state on 9th November 2000. It became the 27th state of Democratic India. The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun and the High court is in Nainital. The small hamlet of GAIRSAIN has been mooted as the future capital owing to its geographic centrality but controversies and lack of resources have led Dehradun to remain provisional capital.
The region is traditionally referred to as Uttarakhand in Hindu scriptures with an area of 20,682 sq mi (53,566 km²). Before January 2007 the state was formerly known as Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand borders Tibet to the north, Nepal to the east, and the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in the west and south respectively.
Uttarakhand an ancient Pauranic term for the central stretch of the Indian Himalayas especially the northern Himalaya. Its peaks and valleys were well known in ancient times as the abode of gods and goddesses and source of the Ganga River. Today, it is often called "the Land of the Gods" (Dev Bhoomi) because of the presence of a multitude of Hindu pilgrimage spots. The Pauravas, Kushanas, Kunindas, Guptas, Katyuris, Palas, the Chands, and Parmars or Panwars and the BritisH have ruled Uttarakhand in turns.
The region was originally settled by KOLS (a tribe) which were lately joined by KHAS (a tribe who were originally from Kashmir & Bhutan) by the Vedic period. It is believed that Sage Vyasa scripted the Mahabharata here as the Pandavas are believed to have traveled and camped in the region. The first major dynasties of Garhwal and Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century B.C. In the 4th Century Kunindas gave a way to NAGA dynasties. Between the 7th and 14th centuries the “Katyuri dynasties of KHAS origin dominated lands of varying extent from the Katyur valley in Kumaun (Vaijnath). Other peoples of the Tibeto-Burman group known as Kiratas are thought to have settled in the northern highlands as well as in pockets throughout the region, and believed to be the ancestors to the modern day Bhotiya, Raji, Buksha, and Tharu peoples.
By the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the Garhwal Kingdom in the west and the Kumaon Kingdom in the east. From the 13th-18th century, Kumaon prospered under the Chand Rajas and Garhwal was likewise unified under the rule of Parmar/Panwar Rajas. Later on Gurkha Empire of Nepal, overran Almora, the seat of the Kumaon Kingdom. In 1803, the Garhwal Kingdom also fell to the Gurkhas. With the conclusion of the Anglo-Nepalese War in 1816, a rump portion of the Garhwal Kingdom was reestablished from Tehri, and eastern British Garhwal and Kumaon ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli.
In 1994 Uttarakhand found a new political identity when demand for separate statehood (within the Union of India) achieved almost unanimous acceptance among the local populace as well as political parties at the national level. Most notable incident during this period was the Rampur Tiraha firing case on the night of 1 October 1994, which led to public uproar and eventually to the division of the state.
The present state of Uttarakhand was earlier a part of the United Province of Agra and Awadh. In January 1950, the United Province was renamed as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand was remained a part of Uttar Pradesh. It emerged as and individual state on 9th November 2000. It became the 27th state of Democratic India. The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun and the High court is in Nainital. The small hamlet of GAIRSAIN has been mooted as the future capital owing to its geographic centrality but controversies and lack of resources have led Dehradun to remain provisional capital.
The region is traditionally referred to as Uttarakhand in Hindu scriptures with an area of 20,682 sq mi (53,566 km²). Before January 2007 the state was formerly known as Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand borders Tibet to the north, Nepal to the east, and the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in the west and south respectively.
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